- Cannabinoids as therapeutics
- Marijuana and the cannabinoids
- Cannabinoids
- The medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids
- Endocannabinoids: the brain and body's marijuana and beyond
- Marihuana reconsidered
- Marihuana, the forbidden medicine
- The great book of hemp: the complete guide to the environmental, commercial ...
- Cannabis and cannabinoids: pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic potential
- Hemp for health: the medicinal and nutritional uses of Cannabis sativa
- Hemp: lifeline to the future : the unexpected answer for our environmental ...
- The emperor wears no clothes
medical marijuana
30. Dezember 09
US: AMA calls for review of the ban to use cannabis for medicinal purposes
The American Medical Association on their meeting on 8-10 November in Houston voted to reverse its long-held position that marijuana be retained as a Schedule I substance with no medical value. Schedule I is the only classification of controlled substances that may not be prescribed by a physician. The Medical Association adopted a report drafted by its Council on Science and Public Health entitled, "Use of Cannabis for Medicinal Purposes," which affirmed the therapeutic benefits of cannabis and called for further research.
This report concluded that, "short term controlled trials indicate that smoked cannabis reduces neuropathic pain, improves appetite and caloric intake especially in patients with reduced muscle mass, and may relieve spasticity and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis." The resolution says that the Medical Association "urges that marijuana's status as a federal Schedule I controlled substance be reviewed with the goal of facilitating the conduct of clinical research and development of cannabinoid-based medicines. This should not be viewed as an endorsement of state-based medical cannabis programs, the legalization of marijuana, or that scientific evidence on the therapeutic use of cannabis meets the current standards for a prescription drug product."
Further information:
- www.ama-assn.org/assets/meeting/mm/i-09-statements-recommendations.pdf
- AmericansForSafeAccess.org/downloads/AMA_Report_Executive_Summary.pdf
(Sources: Website of the American Medical Association, Americans for Safe Access, UPI of 10 November 2009)
IACM: cannabis-med.org/english/bulletin/ww_en_db_cannabis_artikel.php?id=309#3
“Did Anyone Consult the AMA?”
However, even within his controlled Committee hearings, many expert witnesses spoke out against the passage of these unusual tax laws.
Dr. William C. Woodward, for instance, who was both a physician and an attorney for the American Medical Association, testified on behalf of the AMA.
He said, in effect, the entire fabric of federal testimony was tabloid sensationalism! No real testimony had been heard! This law, passed in ignorance, could possibly deny the world a potential medicine, especially now that the medical world was just beginning to find which ingredients in cannabis were active.
Woodward told the committee that the only reason the AMA hadn’t come out against the marijuana tax law sooner was that marijuana had been described in the press for 20 years as “killer weed from Mexico.”
The AMA doctors had just realized “two days before” these spring 1937 hearings, that the plant Congress intended to outlaw was known medically as cannabis, the benign substance used in America with perfect safety in scores of illnesses for over one hundred years.
“We cannot understand yet, Mr. Chairman,” Woodward protested, “why this bill should have been prepared in secret for two years without any intimation, even to the profession, that it was being prepared.” He and the AMA* were quickly denounced by Anslinger and the entire congressional committee, and curtly excused.3
* The AMA and the Roosevelt Administration were strong antagonists in 1937.
When the Marijuana Tax Act bill came up for oral report, discussion, and vote on the floor of Congress, only one pertinent question was asked from the floor: “Did anyone consult with the AMA and get their opinion?” Representative Vinson, answering for the Ways and Means Committee replied, “Yes, we have. A Dr. Wharton [mistaken pronunciation of Woodward?] and [the AMA] are in complete agreement!”
With this memorable lie, the bill passed, and became law in December, 1937. Federal and state police forces were created, which have incarcerated hundreds of thousands of Americans, adding up to more than 16 million wasted years in jails and prisons - even contributing to their deaths - all for the sake of poisonous, polluting industries, prison guards unions and to reinforce some white politicians’ policies of racial hatred
(Mikuriya, Tod, M.D., Marijuana Medical Papers, 1972; Sloman, Larry, Reefer Madness, Grove Press, 1979; Lindesmith, Alfred, The Addict and the Law, Indiana U. Press; Bonnie & Whitebread; The Marijuana Conviction, U. of VA Press; U.S. Cong. Records; et al.)
3. Bonnie, Richard & Whitebread, Charles, The Marijuana Conviction, Univ. of Virginia Press, 1974; Congressional testimony, 1937 (See full testimony in Appendix); et al.
Chapter 4 - THE LAST DAYS OF LEGAL CANNABIS
Drugs World Visualization
Jack Herer: Hemp can save the planet
If all fossil fuels and their derivatives, as well as trees for paper and construction, were banned in order to save the planet, reverse the Greenhouse Effect and stop deforestation;then there is only one known annually renewable natural resource that is capable of providing the overall majority of the world's paper and textiles; meet all of the world's transportation, industrial and home energy needs, while simultaneously reducing pollution, rebuilding the soil and cleaning the atmosphere all at the same time...
and that substance is the same one that has done it before ...
CANNABIS HEMP!
- Emperor of Hemp: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0264574/
Professor Grinspoon on Marijuana, History, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Intoxicant, Medicine
Dr. Bob Melamede on Endocannabinoids
Dr. Robert Melamede: an expert on Cannabinoids.
Cannabinoid action induces autophagy-mediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells
María Salazar, Arkaitz Carracedo, Íñigo J. Salanueva, Sonia Hernández-Tiedra, Mar Lorente, Ainara Egia, Patricia Vázquez, Cristina Blázquez, Sofía Torres, Stephane García, Jonathan Nowak, Gian María Fimia, Mauro Piacentini, Francesco Cecconi, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Luis González-Feria, Juan L. Iovanna, Manuel Guzmán, Patricia Boya, Guillermo Velasco
J. Clin. Invest. 2009; 119(5):1359
Autophagy can promote cell survival or cell death, but the molecular basis underlying its dual role in cancer remains obscure. Here we demonstrate that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of marijuana, induces human glioma cell death through stimulation of autophagy. Our data indicate that THC induced ceramide accumulation and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation and thereby activated an ER stress response that promoted autophagy via tribbles homolog 3–dependent (TRB3-dependent) inhibition of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis. We also showed that autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in cannabinoid-induced human and mouse cancer cell death and that activation of this pathway was necessary for the antitumor action of cannabinoids in vivo. These findings describe a mechanism by which THC can promote the autophagic death of human and mouse cancer cells and provide evidence that cannabinoid administration may be an effective therapeutic strategy for targeting human cancers.
- Autophagy mediates THC-induced cancer cell death.
- THC induces autophagy via ER stress–dependent upregulation of p8 and TRB3.
- THC inhibits Akt and mTORC1 via TRB3.
- THC-induced autophagy promotes the apoptotic death of cancer cells.
- Activation of autophagy is necessary for cannabinoid antitumoral action in vivo.
BBC Horizon: A Look At Medicinal Cannabis & Sativex UK
"A look at the development of SATIVEX, the cannabis derived medicine being grown at the secret location known as Porton Down. Only now was the existence of CBD (Cannabidiol) and its anti-psychotic properties mentioned, and the claim made that some of the newer recreational strains contain no CBD at all (which isn’t actually correct, although CBD levels are low in some strains). A good case for the proper regulation of the commercial trade was almost made, but avoided." - The UKCIA News Blog
from: "BBC Horizon Cannabis: The Evil Weed?"
- marijuana grow operation for production of Sativex
- Interview with Dr. Philip Robson about cannabinoids focusing on THC and CBD
